Sexuality Education An Important And Compulsory Part Of...

Sexuality education is an important and compulsory part of the New Zealand (NZ) Curriculum. Sexuality education is important so young people can feel empowered about their sexuality and make positive informed decisions. Sexuality education across the country follows a similar outline regulated by the Ministry of Education (MoE) but different students have various experiences and learn different knowledge of sexuality in schools. I went to a religious all-girls school and throughout this assignment I will be discussing my sexuality education in reference to significant topics. These include the official and unofficial curriculum, heteronormativity, homophobia and the missing discourse of desire. The official curriculum in schools refers to the formal curriculum in schools that is explicitly set out in school policy and forms a deliberate and intentional part of the curriculum. This occurs in areas such as biology, religious studies and sexuality education. The official curriculum is said to be â€Å"non-sexist, non-racist, non-discriminatory as well as students’ abilities to be affirmed and their learning needs as addressed (Minstry of Education, 2007). In schools the official curriculum mostly features teaching of contraception, reproductive health, pregnancy, basic anatomy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Allen, L., 2011). Schools stress this information and my school were no different from this. At my high-school we learnt about these topics from year nine to year

Social Construction of Race and How It Affects Society Essay

Humans define race by how they conceive and categorize different social realities. Thus, race is often referred to as a social construct. The differences in skin color and facial characteristics have led most of society to classify humans into groups instead of individuals. These constructs affect us all, and they often result in situations where majority racial groups cause undue suffering to those that are part of the minority. The understanding of race as a social construct is best illustrated by the examination of racial issues within our own culture, specifically those that have plagued the history of the United States. Although race as a physical condition has likely occurred in societies from the beginning of human existence, it†¦show more content†¦Although the Declaration of Independence stated that â€Å"All men are created equal,† the U.S Constitution denied minorities basic human rights, such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. With this, the line had been drawn. Skin color had now become the definite indicator of how race would be defined in future American society. This sentiment of racial inferiority by the white American was further demonstrated by their treatment of Native American society. As European settlements continued to expand across the continent, Indians were forcibly removed from their land to make room for the â€Å"more civilized† white American. The Native American population was practically eradicated with only a handful of survivors remaining on small, segregated reservations in Oklahoma. The genocide of their people-- and their culture-- left most Native Americans with extreme resentment towards the white man. Ironically, just as the white man saw the Native American people as uncivilized savages, Native Americans saw firsthand how barbaric the white man actually was. This further supports the theory that race is not a physical characteristic, but something that is constructed by different societies to establish each ones perception of how the other is viewed or perceived. In Mary C. Waters â€Å"Social Construc tion of Race and Ethnicity,† she explains this theory in theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Social Construction Of Race Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Construction of Race One of the social reforms that are argued to have been achieved by the contemporary society is acknowledged that all people within the society are equal irrespective of some socio-cultural differences such as race. The view that all persons are equal is ingrained in the society and supported by an array of a legal framework. One of the supporting legal frameworks is the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that all persons must be treated with equalityRead MoreAnalysis Of Daughter From Danang 1272 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the process of social construction, various social statuses, such as race, class, and gender, are given a deeper meaning than simply a category. In turn, these statuses begin having an effect on the groups they encompass, causing some groups to become dominate over others and shaping the hierarchy of their society. Once established, these statuses begin to intertwine and influence one another, along with space and time, which is called int ersections. These intersections work together to furtherRead MoreRace And Race : The Social Construction Of Race858 Words   |  4 PagesThe race is an indefinite term, which has not been created from science or research, but more so the idea of what it is. Essentially, race is all about perception. One person may separate races based on a certain category of traits while another person uses totally different guidelines to define what races there are. Race has ultimately been created socially, therefor has no biological components until people connect the two terms. This paper examines the connection between society and race whileRead MoreThe Power Of Illusion : The Social Construction Of Race1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe social construction of race and the conjured up idea of different races affects many Americans on a macro and micro scale or institutionally and individually, respectively. To sociologists, this idea of a socially constructed race matters because race has a treme ndous influence on people’s lives. It may be difficult to believe, but race is socially constructed. Race is something humans have fabricated; therefore, it has no biological meaning. Race is without basis in our natural world, yet humansRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Reality1128 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Fox Sociology I August 6, 2015 Social Construction of Reality Reality does not exist externally, but they do internally, as it is because each individual or group could interpret it differently and it is always changing. Reality is not really an objective that are being imposed on us but we actually create it. Conley defined social construction as â€Å"an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance withRead MoreRace as a Social Construct646 Words   |  3 PagesRace as a social construct An imagined concept with real consequences The concept of race is fundamentally a social construct. It is based on a notion of difference, of ‘otherness’, ‘blackness’, ‘whiteness’, identity, nationalism and multiculturalism. ‘Race’ matters, as despite being biologically disputed, its social impact is immense. Despite being an unreal social construct, it is real in its consequences. It affects life prospects and influences health, wealth, status and power. As such, a criticalRead MoreA National Neighborhood Appraisal System925 Words   |  4 Pagesexplicitly tied mortgage eligibility to race. Integrated and minority communities were ipso facto deemed a financial risk and made ineligible for low-cost home loans, a policy known today as ‘redlining.’† (The Power of an Illusion, The House We Live In†) Redlining emerged from the thoughts and ideas of racism and segregation. This includes race and financial status and separates Caucasians and minorities even more. Inequality amongst race in our society creates negative effects in the lives ofRead MoreRace as a Social Construct Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesRace as a Social Construct Omi and Winant’s discussion from â€Å"Racial Formations† are generally about race being a social construct and is also demonstrated in the viewing of Race - The power of an illusion. Omi and Winant have both agreed that race is socially constructed in society. Ultimately this means that race is seen differently in different societies and different cultures. Media, politics, school, economy and family helps alter society’s structure of race. In the viewing , also mediaRead MoreWhiteness, And White Privilege1682 Words   |  7 Pagescategory of race, where people who are not ‘white’ are racially designated while ‘whites’ escape designation as if their racial category is not historically and ideologically based (Puzan, 2003). Race is socially constructed (Dyer, 1997) and it is important to acknowledge this in order to address its impact. Unless whiteness is labelled and confronted, being ‘white’ is usually considered the â⠂¬Ëœnorm’ which acquires certain social privileges, while all other socially-constructed categories of ‘race’ are consideredRead More Social Construction Of Race Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Construction Of Race In society, race clearly affects one’s life chances. These are the chances of getting opportunities and gaining experience for progression. The social construction of race is based on privileges and availability of resources. Looking at society and the formation of race in a historical context, whites have always held some sort of delusional belief of a â€Å"white-skin privilege.† This advantage grants whites an advantage in society whether one desires it or not. This

Examinations exert a pernicious influence on education Essay Example For Students

Examinations exert a pernicious influence on education Essay Examination is a form/means of testing a persons ability to perform in a particular subject which may be academic or non-academic. Pernicious means something which is harmful or has harmful effects. Education is anything a person learns from the time he is born to the time he dies. This includes all academic and non-academic subjects which may be good or bad. Having defined the keywords, the bases of the argument has been formed and now let us start by discussing the pros of the topic. The student appearing for the exam takes it under extreme tension and pressure because he knows that he has only one chance to prove his worth and if he fails, he will be left behind for the rest of his life. Of course he can re-take the exam after a period of a year or so but since he had failed it once, it wouldnt be the same. His momentum of studying would have been broken and his failure would serve as a discouraging factor. As a result he would probably show a worse performance the second time and end up losing a year. The other point in favour of the topic is that the student may be good at the subject itself but may not be a good examinee because he may not be able to attempt fully the question in the set time period. This may not give a chance to the student to express fully and in a comprehensive manner, his opinions and views. Take the example of this essay. If I were given this essay in the examination, I may not be able to explain each and every point properly because of the limited time I would have been allotted. Let us now make an assumption that the student is able to finish the question in the allotted time. However, his handwriting is difficult to understand and his paper is filled with scribblings towards the end. The student has no knowledge of the examiner nor of his mood/state of mind at the time of checking. So, what happens if the examiner is in a frustrated mood? First of all, his temper grows as he stares at the untidy paper lying in front of him. Then he takes a deep breath and starts reading the essay. By the time he finishes reading the first paragraph he can take no more of the terrible writing and goes through the rest of the essay reading a few sentences here and there. When he reaches to the end of the essay, his mind contains glimpses of what the student has written and gives marks accordingly which are ten-to-one very low. This results in the student getting a low grade and his future is completely or to a large extent ruined. Apart from this the last few papers checked by the examiner usually earn a  low grade because by that time the examiner is bored checking papers and also by the repetition of points. When a student knows that he has to study for a particular examination and follow a set syllabus, his approach towards that subject is narrowed down. This restricts his knowledge of the subject even though he would like to study it from a wider perspective. The element of time limits the students answer to memory rather than to analysis. Since the time at hand is extremely short, the student finds it hard to organize all the points. Therefore, he explains all the points that are in his mind in a random order which spoils the flow of the answer and also leads the student to making a lot of mistakes, most of which he could have otherwise avoided. Also, this leaves the student with little or no time to check his paper for spelling and punctuation errors. .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .postImageUrl , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:visited , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:active { border:0!important; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:active , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Do you swear EssayWhat happens if you are an excellent student but are sick on the day of the examination or are under pressure external to the examination? What if your answer is biased or prejudice and conflicts with the opinions and views of the examiner? In such cases, students get low grades even though its not their fault and they cannot help in any way. They therefore have to suffer for the rest of their life. Let us now examine the cons of the topic. The most important con of the topic may be that it provides a base for people belonging to all classes of the society to show their worth. And if the society is not based on the caste system then members of the low classes would be able to obtain high posts and go far in life if they perform well in the examination. In this way they would be able to achieve all that they had so far only dreamed of. Examinations can be taken as a test of a students knowledge about a particular subject which would tell the student where he stands among others, and how much he knows and how much he ought to know. E.g. we all know that we have to perform deeds of virtue in this world in order to attain salvation in the next phase of life, but how many of us perform this duty? Lastly, examinations can be considered as a standard of measuring how strong a student comes out under extreme conditions. In the conclusion, I would like to give my own views on the topic. In my opinion, examinations do not have a pernicious influence on education because if desired, the student may collect extra information on the subject through research but he does not necessarily have to implement it in his answers. Also, since all the students taking the examination are judged on the same material, it provides a solid base for judging a students ability to perform in a particular subject or profession.

Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example Essay Example

Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example Paper Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Introduction Course Project Part B a. the average (mean) annual income was less than $50,000 Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu= 50 (in thousands) Ha: mult;50 (in thousands) Level of Significance Level of Significance = . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha = . 05, zlt;-1. 645, which is lower tailed Rejection region is, zlt;-1. 645 Calculate test statistic, x-bar=43. 74 and s=14. 64 Z=(43. 74-50)/2. 070=-3. 0242. 070 is calculated by: s/sq-root of n Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of -3. 024 does fall in the rejection region of zlt;-1. 45, therefore I would reject the null and say there is sufficient evidence to indicate mult;50. Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value= . 001 .001lt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 001 is less than the significance level of . 05, I will reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95% CI=(39. 68, 47. 80)- I am 95% confident that the true mean income lies between $39,680 and $47,800. Minitab Output: One-Sample Z Test of mu = 50 vs lt; 50 The assumed standard deviation = 14. 64 95% Upper N Mean SE Mean Bound Z P 50 43. 74 2. 07 47. 5 -3. 02 0. 001 b. the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40% 22 people of the 50 surveyed live in an Urban community, which is 44%. My point estimate is . 44. Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: p=. 40 Ha: pgt;. 40 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, zgt;1. 645, which is upper tailed Rejection region is, zgt;1. 645 To conduct a large sample z-test, I must first determine if the sample size is large enough. nPo= 50(. 40)= 20 and 50(1-. 0)=30 Both are larger than 15, so we conclude that the sample size is large enough to conduct the large sample z test. Z=(. 44-. 40)/. 06928=. 5774. 06928 is calculated by sq-root ((. 4)(. 6))/50)=. 06928 Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of . 5774 does not fall in the rejection region of zgt;1. 645, theref ore I would not reject H0. There is insufficient evidence to conclude the true population of customers who live in urban communities is greater than 40%. Interpretation of Results and Conclusions p-value= . 282 .282gt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 82 is greater than the significance level of . 05, I will not reject the null. 95% CI= (. 299907, . 587456)- I am 95% confident that the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area is between 30% and 59%. Minitab Output Test and CI for One Proportion Test of p = 0. 4 vs p gt; 0. 4 95% Lower Sample X N Sample p Bound Z-Value P-Value 1 22 50 0. 440000 0. 324532 0. 58 0. 282 Using the normal approximation. c. the average (mean) number of years lived in the current home is less than 13 years Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu=13 Ha: mult;13 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, zlt;-1. 645, which is lower tailed. Rejection region is zlt;- 1. 645 Calculate the test statistic, x-bar =12. 26 and s=5. 086 Z=(12. 26-13)/. 7193=-1. 03 Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of -1. 03 does not fall in the rejection region of Zlt;-1. 645, therefore I would not reject the null hypothesis and say there is insufficient evidence to indicate mult;13. Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value=. 52 .152gt;. 05 Because the p=value of . 152 is greater than the significance level of . 05, I would not reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95% CI=(10. 850, 13. 670)- I am 95% confident that the average number of years lived in current home falls between 10. 85 and 13. 67 years. Minitab Output One-Sample Z Test of mu = 13 vs lt; 13 The assumed standard deviation = 5. 086 95% Upper N Mean SE Mean Bound Z P 50 12. 260 0. 719 13. 443 -1. 03 0. 152 d. the average (mean) credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300. 5 people of 50 surveyed live in a suburban community, so I will be conducting a t-test because 15lt;30. Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu=$4,300 Ha: mugt;$4,300 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, tgt;1. 761, which is upper tailed. Rejection region is tgt;1. 761 Calculate the test statistic, x-bar=4675 and s=742 T=(4675-4300)/742sqrt15=1. 957 Decision Rule: 1. 957 is greater than 1. 761, which means it does fall in the rejection region, so I would reject H0. Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Body Paragraphs Because I am rejecting H0, this means that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average credit balance for the suburban customers is greater than $4300 Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value=. 035 .035lt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 035 is less than the significance level of . 05, I will reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95%=(4264, 5086)- I am 95% confident that the average credit balance for suburban customers falls between $4264 and $5,086. Minitab Output One-Sample T Test of mu = 4300 vs gt; 4300 95% Lower N Mean StDev SE Mean Bound T P 15 4675 742 192 4338 1. 96 0. 035 Final Report of Results Before parts a-d are broken down, provided below are a the Seven Elements of a Test Hypothesis that will assist one in understanding the different terminology used in this report. Elements of a Test of Hypothesis 1. Null hypothesis (H0): A theory about the specific values of one or more population parameters. The theory generally represents the status quo, which we adopt until it is proven false. The theory is always stated as H0: parameter = value. 2. Alternative (research) hypothesis (Ha): A theory that contradicts the null hypothesis. The theory generally represents that which we will adopt only when sufficient evidence exists to establish its truth. 3. Test statistic: A sample statistic used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. 4. Rejection region: The numerical values of the test statistic for which the null hypothesis will be rejected. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability is? that it will contain the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true, thereby leading to a Type I error. The value of? is usually chosen to be small (e. g. , . 01, . 05, or . 10) and is referred to as the level of significance of the test. 5. Assumptions: Clear statement(s) of any assumptions made about the population(s) being sampled. 6. Experiment and calculation of test statistic: Performance of the sampling experiment and de termination of the numerical value of the test statistic. 7. Conclusion: a. If the numerical value of the test statistic falls in the rejection region, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the alternative hypothesis is true. We know that the hypothesis-testing process will lead to this conclusion incorrectly (Type I error) only 100? % of the time when H0 is true. b. If the test statistic does not fall in the rejection region, we do not reject H0. Thus, we reserve judgment about which hypothesis is true. We do not conclude that the null hypothesis is true because we do not (in general) know the probability? that our test procedure will lead to an incorrect acceptance of H0 (Type II error). The average mean annual income was less than $50,000. I rejected the null hypothesis since the p-value of . 01 is smaller than the significance level of . 05. The p-value indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is a sufficient amount of evidence to support th e claim that the average annual income was less than $50,000 since there is a significance level of . 05. The 95% CI, which is (39. 68, 47. 80) means that I am 95% confident that the true mean (average) income lies between $39,680 and $47,800. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the average annual income was less than $50,000 is correct, which means the null is rejected, and the alternative is accepted. The true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40%. I did not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value of . 282 is larger than the significance level of . 05. The p-value indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the true population of customers who live in urban communities is greater than 40%. The 95% CI of (. 299907, . 587456) indicates that we are 95% confident that the true population proportion of customers who live in urban area is between 30% and 59%. Ba sed on these results, the managers speculation that the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40% is not correct because we decided not to reject the null hypothesis. The average (mean) number of years lived in the current home is less than 13 years. I did not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value of . 152 is greater than the significance level of . 05. The p-value, again, indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the average number of years lived in current home is less than 13 years. The 95% CI of (10. 850, 13. 670) indicates that we are 95% confident that the average number of years that customers lived in their current home falls between 11 and 14 years. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the true proportion of customers who have lived in their current home less than 13 years is incorrect because we decided not to reject the null. The average (mean ) credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300. I did reject the null hypothesis because not only did t (1. 957) fall into the rejection region, but also, the p-value of . 035 is less than . 05. If the p-values is less than the significance level, you will reject the null. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average credit balance for the suburban customers is greater than $4300. The 95% confidence intervals indicates that we are 95% confident that the average credit balance for suburban customers falls between $4,264 and $5,086. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the average credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300 is correct. References Benson, P. G. , McClave, J. T. , amp; Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for Business and Economics (11th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The fox essays

The fox essays This paper aims at analyzing the short novel The Fox written by David Herbert Lawrence. The point from the short novel that will be analyzed is concerning Henrys will of marrying March. The two hypotheses formulated are: Henry was interested in the farm and in Marchs capture, like a hunter on an animal. The main goal in this analysis is to confirm which hypothesis best portrays the authors idea. The short novel The Fox portrays the lives of two friends, March and Bandford, as they were called. They lived on a farm by themselves in a peaceful way. Bandford had a weak health, so March did everything at the farm and also took care of her. Henry, (a soldier) arrived at the farm looking for his grandfather, but he had died. So, he stayed in the farm with the girls. As the time passed, Henry decided to marry March, but Bandford was against it. At the end, Banford died and March married him. David Herbert Lawrence was born on 11 September 1885 in Nottinghamshire, England. He wrote about the fulfilled relationships of men and women, and the crucial relationship between human beings and the natural world. He lived on a farm with his family. His main works were Women in love, The Rainbow and others. He wrote The Fox during the I World War in 1918. (Source?) The short novel tells about two friends, March and Bandford that lived alone in the Bailey farm. Bandford had a weak health so March took care about the hard work in the farm. March was odd and absent-minded but had a strange magnanimity. They raised fowls and ducks, and were afraid of a fox that was carrying hens under their very noses. One day March met the fox and they had eye contact. At this moment March was spell-bounded by the fox. The fox impressed her. The time passed and March was also not conscious that she thought of the fox. March was possessed by him. One evening, a young soldier arrived at the farm looking for h...

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon - Chemistry Definition

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon - Chemistry Definition An aliphatic compound is a hydrocarbon compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched trains or non-aromatic rings. Aliphatic compounds may be saturated (e.g., hexane and other alkanes) or unsaturated (e.g., hexene and other alkenes, as well as alkynes). The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon is methane, CH4. In addition to hydrogen, other elements may be bound to the carbon atoms in the chain, including oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur. Most aliphatic hydrocarbons are flammable. Also Known As: aliphatic compound Examples of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:Â  ethylene, isooctane, acetylene List of Aliphatic Compounds Here is a list of aliphatic compounds, ordered according to the number of carbon atoms they contain. Number of Carbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 1 methane 2 ethane, ethene, ethyne 3 propane, propene, propyne, cyclopropane 4 butane, methylpropane, cyclobutene 5 pentane, dimethylpropane, cyclopentene 6 hexane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene 7 heptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene 8 octane, cyclooctane, cyclooctene

Those who pray and those who fight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Those who pray and those who fight - Essay Example Those who work comprised mainly the peasants in the society; the slaves and the serfs. The serfs comprised the peasants who were owned by a lord. Their duty was to work for the lord, in the field of the lords, in consideration of being allowed to use a piece of land by the lord for their use and that of their families. In addition, the lords had the duty to protect the serfs and to administer justice to them. Serfs would work for their lords for about 3 days a week, or more, during the harvest period, while they would employ the rest of their time to work in their own field set for them by their lords. Most of the serfs were illiterate and poor but religious. Their lives were limited on their fields and their village church. To add, the serfs were not allowed to leave the manor of their lords. In essence, most of them ended up spending their entire lives on one estate. Those that pray included powerful popes, clergy, bishops and priest. They had diverse religious roles, for instance, the village priests had the task to satisfy the serfs’ spiritual needs. This group also consisted of the monks who lived in the monasteries, and consisted mostly of educated monks and who were responsible for producing most of the books made during that period. The last order consisted of those who fought. During the medieval periods, wars were prevalent and were mostly fought by knights. Wars were expensive and since peasants could not afford arsenals of war such as horses, swords or a suit of armor, this group, therefore, consisted of people from the wealthiest order, that is, the nobles. They were mainly the land owners, living in manors, and owned all the people that lived in that Manor. They had military obligations, for instance, to the higher nobles, and were in turn owed military obligations by the lower nobles called the vassals. The nobility never worked, but were supposed to be fierce and warlike and they spent their time in military training and attending fight t ournament with other nobles. Each of the three orders contributed in a way to the aggressiveness of Christian kingdoms during the Crusades (1096-1204). The peasants worked on the lands of their lords, and though they were not allowed to leave, they contributed to the financial might of their respective lords, who in turn contributed military might to the crusaders. To add, they contributed directly in the crusades, for instance in 1095, Pope Urban II urged both the nobles and peasants to join him in the war against Muslims, with the mission of reclaiming the Holy land of Jerusalem. The Pope promised them a lot of things from salvation to wealth, and they, therefore, joined him because of these assurances. Those who pray were mainly the religious leaders, and who wielded a lot of powers. The pope for instance, commissioned and blessed the crusaders before they waged war against people the church had declared to be heretics, including a Christian King (Hunt 2010, 354). This order enco uraged their followers to wage crusades against the non believers. Most of them were sanctioned by the pope. For instance in 1198, pope innocent III declared a crusade against the Livs, and four years later, the Pope declared the fourth crusade to the holy land. The religious leaders exploited their monopoly over salvation, wealth and charity, and confession to promote crusades. For instance, during the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229), innocent suspended the crusaders monetary debts and promised that their

Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Homework - Coursework Example The four aspects holistically helped shape the American culture. For example, marriage and female domesticity were depicted as primary goal for the American woman in conjunction with intense religious renewal. The media provided a platform through which the various aspects were spread. Religious leaders were also crucial in the American society. For example, Evangelist Billy Graham was a spiritual adviser to several United States’ Presidents (Kutler 96) The promises that were made by Kennedy were an attack on poverty, as well as growing the economy. The promises were all geared towards economic reconstruction. He promised to move legislations to see to it that he achieved these goals and was moved especially by the desperate conditions he saw when he campaigned in Appalachia, in 1960. Upon clinching the presidency, he helped push poverty onto the national agenda where he won a $2 billion urban-rural renewal program (Kutler 77). He was assassinated in 1963 and his promises were realized by his successor by the name of Lyndon B. Johnson who moved for the enactment of the Civil Rights of 1964 and the Economic Opportunity Act that emphasized on unconditional war on

Counselors as companions and Ethnics in human Services report Essay Example for Free

Counselors as companions and Ethnics in human Services report Essay From Tragedy to Triumph: Counselor as Companion on the Hero’s Journey By: Richard W. Halstead The ethical standards for the human service professionals from the national organization of human service professionals. Some things that I believe that the counselor has learned from Steve are never say what a person with a disability can’t do. Also I think he learned that may impaired people tend to look at being normal like everyone else instead of pushing toward a goal in life and becoming successful with it. Another thing that I think the counselor learned from Steve was that never judge anyone by the disability of a person, because they can accomplish anything in life that they put their minds to. Some of the counselor’s behaviors that may have changed since working with Steve is that he learned that many people that have come in contact with a problem can overcome obstacles in many different way and that never thing a person with a disability can’t achieve something that he wants in life. Also after the talk with the psychiatrist, the counselor started using his thinking skills more. As it said in paragraph seven on the second page of this article,† The Psychiatrist had, unwittingly, provided me (The counselor) with what I thought might serve to propel Steve to the next milestone on his journey†. (Halstead Richard W. Pg2). It made the counselor want to encourage Steve even more to achieve his goal and prove the doctors wrong. I really do think that the people I come in contact with change me in some way by making me really see what is going on with them and make me determine to help them overcome that obstacle in life. Also it makes me want to be there for them more to help them, because nobody should have to go through a problem alone. When you help someone in life like it says on page one of this article, the counselor had met Steve who was struggling to regain a life taken a way, the counselor was confronted with trying to understand his role in the process, and over time they both found their way through the problem. (Halstead, Richard W. Pg1). We as people in the human service field will have several different problems that we run in to with our clients and we have to use our critical thinking skill and our references that we have to help that person through their problems as well as learn from our work. Steve was changed as a result of this relationship by determining that being normal wasn’t as important as achieving his goal of getting a college degree in his field that he had chosen. Everyone isn’t normal and we should try to work towards being normal, we should try and work towards our goals just like Steve can to realize. Steve has benefited from this relationship tremendously with the help of the counselor and the principle of the college he was able to finish school 5 years later, but he had his degree under his belt, as well as being offered a job writing and helping other people through their problems as well. One ethnical issue that may lead me as a human service professional to review the ethical standards would be that a client is recently diagnosed with the HIV virus. He is very upset and crying his eyes out wanting to commit suicide and threatens to kill the guy that he thinks gave it to him before he does. How I can resolve any ethical concerns is by looking in the ethical standards and look over what its say to do in a case like this, but on the other hand try to calm the client down and give him as much support and help needed by weighing out the outcomes of the situation. Also I would look up something using my reference skills that could maybe ease him a little about the situation and make him think different. On the other hand me as a psychologist I have to refer to the ethical standards for human services professions and take the stand. In the ethical standards for human service professionals it states under statements three and four that me as a human service professionals have to keep the clients information confidential with others that, but have to breech the confidentiality of the client and consider seeking supervision because the client is trying to harm himself as well as others. The national organization of human services ethical standards are very important to follow as I begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities, because it will tell me what I need to do if I feel there is something that could take place and how to go about doing it as well. References 1. Halstead, R. W. (2000). From Tragedy to Triumph: Counselor as Companion on the Heros Journey. Counseling Values, 44(2), 100. 2. National Organization of Human Service Professionals.Ethical Standards for the Human Service Professionals.Retrieved from: http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals.

SWOT Analysis :: Business, Administration, Analysis

SWOT Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This type of analysis is designed to help identify several areas of a business that may need improvement and other areas where the company may be able to improve upon. SWOT is an acronym for; Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. A company should consider this analysis to be one of the most important steps to becoming one of the leading stores and schools of this nature in the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A business idea gets started by acquiring knowledge of a product, market or skill. In this case, the company’s idea got started from the skills gained from years of diving and love of water and marine life. These things inspired the owner to start his business. One of the most difficult things to identify as a business owner and as an entrepreneur is that area where the company or owner is lacking strength. When considering a business venture, normally one is not looking at the negative factors of the business itself. In most cases, the entrepreneur looks at the positive factors that can help his business get started. SWOT Analysis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strengths †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Highly Qualified Staff †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasonable Prices †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over 20 years experience in the business †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Offers scuba gear, training, certifications & eco trips †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good rapport with customers Weaknesses †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of mission statement on the website †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of competition †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Limited funds (Typical in small businesses) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over $200k in inventory (Too much capital invested in inventory) Opportunities †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Virtual store (Offering used equipment and possible equipment trade-in) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New retail store †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proper advertisement (Direct mail, sponsorships, place mats, radio, television advertisement, travel and sports magazines, Verizon yellow book etc.

Ishmael Bernal and Religious Interpretations Essay

Ishmael Bernal’s films have received countless acknowledgements throughout the years because of his unique style of â€Å"working out patterns of symbolic details† (Lumbera 25). And through these patterns, Bernal was able to portray his views on things as an auteur. This paper examines his interpretations of religion and religious activities through his films. But this only includes three of his works: Manila by Night (1980), Himala (1982), and Hinugot sa Langit (1985). These three films’ devotional approaches are analyzed by both their mise-en-scene and fabula. On that note, religion as tackled in this paper only pertains to the Philippine religion of Christianity/Catholicism, since Bernal’s films appear to be only on the Catholic’s view. How did Bernal attack Catholicism? Why did he represent the country’s most widespread religion in that manner? What are the implications of his works on the era during such films were distributed? How do these films affect the contemporary time? And what do these films impose on the society and on the religion majority of it believes in? Hence, this paper has these films examined through the eyes of a spectator, and relates that analogy to Bernal’s own philosophies as an auteur. Religion in Mise-En-Scene and Iconographies Through the apparatus theory, Bernal’s religious interpretations in his works can be examined. Ponsford’s Film Theory and Language from media. edusites. co. uk says apparatus theory suggests that film is created to illustrate different ideas and that everything has meaning even starting from the camerawork up to the editing. Manila by Night is a drama film made by Bernal in 1980. It is a multiple-charactered film where the characters’ existences in the city were unveiled as they live by the ruthlessness of drugs, poverty, adultery, and lust. In Manila by Night, Bernal constantly used iconographies and effigies of divine entities in several sex scenes through elaborate camerawork and editing. An example is a scene where a couple (Adelina, played by Moreno and Pebrero, played by Ojeda) who routinely cheated on each other made love while religious icons peered over them (Santos 21). There is another sex scene where instead of figures, Bernal focused a shot on a chaplet necklace worn by the indolent college guy (Alex, played by Martinez) for a few seconds just before he had premarital sex with his girlfriend (Vanessa, played by Alajar). Bernal not only used these icons in sex scenes. In one scene where the neurotic mother of Alex, Virgie (Solis), trashed their home when she found out he was doing drugs, multiple shots of religious statues were shown simultaneously with the scene of flying plates and broken furniture in the screen. Hinugot sa Langit also has a remarkable mise-en-scene in terms of religious interpretations. It is a film about infidelity, unwanted pregnancy, and abortion. In the scene where Carmen (Soriano) was rushed to the hospital after attempting to commit suicide, the disparity between the two conflicting characters of Aling Juling (Solis) and Stella (Austria) was clearly depicted. Aling Juling, being the sanctimonious that she was, gave the feeble Carmen her Holy Bible, hoping that it helps Carmen as it did to her. Seconds after Aling Juling left the room, Stella put a bag of apples on top of the bible as she jokingly referred to it as â€Å"holy mansanas (apples)† which may be interpreted as the apple Eve took from the treacherous snake in the Garden of Eden. The style Bernal had in Manila by Night was still used in Hinugot sa Langit. There was the scene of Mang David’s (Ventura) child’s wake where an image of Christ hung over Carmen and Mang David’s backs as they talked about the latter’s debts from Aling Juling. There’s still that style but other sightings of the religious icons and statues were not shown in that ambiguous manner anymore; instead they were shown conspicuously to prove a point like every time Aling Juling conducted prayer meetings and worship time. The irony in showing religious images and sinful acts simultaneously is an apparent symbolism of the societal hypocrisy towards faith and Christianity. Morality Issues on Manila by Night, Himala, and Hinugot sa Langit These three films are all packed with morality issues and what are morality issues if there is no religion? Morality, I believe, is bound by the norms and rules of whatever religion an individual believes in. Therefore, people do what for them is â€Å"right† because the religion they keep their faith in tells them to do so. Himala is a story of a girl named Elsa (Aunor) who claims to have seen the Blessed Virgin Mary on the top of the very hill where she was found by her non-biological mother years ago when she was still a baby. Since then Elsa started to â€Å"heal† people through the use of the power that was allegedly bestowed upon her by the Virgin Mary. She was situated in a small town called Cupang where the soil was always dry because of a â€Å"curse† from long time ago. Since then people came flocking to Elsa’s house to seek treatment from her miracles. She had her own followers and a bunch of detractors. In the end, when she faced piles of troubles—from not being able to â€Å"heal† anymore to being raped along with her best friend who later on committed suicide—she came clean and announced that there is no miracle, that it is the people who create their own miracles. She was shot dead at that same moment. The morality issues in this film is particularly apparent during the time when documentarist Orly (Manikan) battles with himself whether to have Elsa and Chayong’s (Centeno) rape video shown to the public. In the end he seeks help from the priest, which only made it clear that his decisions still depended largely on the â€Å"Catholic opinion† even though he was a self-proclaimed atheist right from the start. Manila by Night touches more morality issues than Himala. Since it is a film using a multiple-character format, the struggles each persona faces vary. There was a cheating guy (Pebrero), a liar prostitute (Adelina), a hypocritical ex-prostitute (Virgie), a happy-go-lucky gay (Manay Sharon), a dope-pusher lesbian (Kano), a blind whore (Bea), a college dropout (Alex), and his girlfriend (Vanessa). Their characters differ from each other but what’s uncanny about it was that their lives intertwine one way or another. Set in the city during a time when people’s freedom was being suppressed, these characters faced the question of what to do in times like that. Whether they hold on to their principles and strive to live for the good or just continue their dishonest lives to be able to endure everything and coexist. In a country where Catholicism is dominant, what Bernal showed in Manila by Night questions the values the religion upholds for its followers. The ending of the film where after all the mayhem that happened in the city during the past night seemed to be forgotten and the characters are portrayed as monotonous citizens living their routinely-charged lives is a strong point for proving how people trapped in the confusion of what’s good or evil can act as two-faced individuals who eventually become victims of the system. Hinugot sa Langit, on the other hand, tackles a more brazen topic that’s related to religion: abortion. When Carmen found out she was having Jerry’s (Tantay) child, she was faced with only two options: one is to keep it and the other is to abort. The problem the film earlier gave was that Jerry was already married with someone else and he made it clear right from the start that he didn’t want anything to do with the child Carmen was carrying. This, on top of the incessant urging of her straightforward cousin Stella, pushed Carmen to the edge of option number two. But her landlady, Aling Juling, insisted otherwise—saying abortion is a sin to God. As Carmen’s pregnancy became relatively closer to three months (which is the point when a mere embryo becomes human according to the abortionist) she began thinking about the issue of whether abortion is already an act of killing or not. But eventually, she chose to have abortion. Near the end of the film where she pounded on Mang David for stabbing Aling Juling to death, Bernal used a brilliant camera shift from Mang David’s staring face to Carmen’s while she was yelling, â€Å"Wala kang karapatang pumatay ng tao! You have no right to murder anyone! ),† as if giving the former a reason to say that she did not have any right to kill her child either. As Oggs Cruz put it in his blog, â€Å"Hinugot sa Langit may be branded as preachy and anti-abortion but in reality, the film has side stories that suggest a more pressing issue: societal hypocrisy. † This is not only apparent in the abortion issue but also in Aling Juling’s actions. It’s just that, as Cruz again puts it, â€Å"abortion is the most telling of issues. The Philippines being a prominently Catholic nation declares abortion as criminally and morally wrong yet funnily, the practice is unwrittenly accepted among women who are time-pressed with a decision. † Elsa and Aling Juling While Manila by Night’s interpretations of religion banks largely on its mise-en-scene, what Bernal created in Himala and Hinugot sa Langit were characters who seemed to embody the â€Å"divine† and through them, Bernal showed how false devotions and idolatry can be misleading. Elsa’s alleged involvement with the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary made her just as acred as the holy mother of Christ in the people’s eyes. She became, in an obvious way, the people’s source of blind faith that led them to their own pits of darkness as shown in the last part of the film where healthy and sick people alike experienced a stampede that caused them physical pain. This false faith is also ostensible in Aling Juling’s character in Hinugot sa Langit. Even from the start of the film, her character already proved to be a hypocrite. She dressed conservatively, regularly attended prayer and worship meetings, firmly discouraged Carmen to do an abortion, and constantly spoke about the Divine. But she also wanted to have the informal settlers removed from her land at any cost just to be able to build a chapel, claiming it is for the greater good. Aling Juling proved to be the perfect devotee, but failed to act as a true child of God for the other people; and there lies the biggest fallacy built in her persona. There was also one scene where Carmen and Aling Juling went into a brief screaming match about how should the former handle her problems. In the one line of Carmen saying, â€Å"Ano pa bang gusto Niya (pertaining to God), ano pa bang gusto mo?! What else does He want, what else do you want?! ),† the character of Aling Juling seemed to be a symbolism of the â€Å"god† Carmen had come to believe in. Instead of the all-powerful, all-knowing One, because of her problems, Carmen landed on believing Aling Juling’s preaching as that of God’s. Elsa and Aling Juling both died at the end, and both by being brutally attacked. What I see in this phenomenon is the attempt to â€Å"kill off† the wrong and misrepresentative beliefs brought about by these two characters, and probably the only way Bernal suggests to do that is through a vicious, one-time manner. Bernal as Auteur This paper is not about Bernal but about the works of Bernal. But since he is an auteur, understanding his background is essential in understanding the concepts behind his works. The auteur theory proposes that the director is the author of the film and that the director is the primary creative source, therefore the films produced express the director’s distinctive vision of the world (Pramaggiore and Wallis 398). Therefore, his politics mirror his representation of religion, thus making his films a reflection of his own beliefs. According to Bayani Santos’ Bernal as Auteur, Ishmael appreciated the values of Gregorio Aglipay and Catholicism. He also admired the disciplines of Iglesia Ni Cristo but criticized it for its exploitation of religion in politics. It was also said that he â€Å"respected Catholicism as faith, but always qualified it with a historical reminder of its political and economic crimes against the nation† (Santos 19). It was also said in the same article that Bernal’s view of shallow Catholicism among Filipinos as facts of Philippine life was not just mocking jibes against superficial religiosity but rather â€Å"accurate descriptions, as synecdochical of Philippine reality† and having the satirical impact arrive after a realization by the audience that, indeed, the descriptions are ‘us’ (21). Bayani continued on to saying that Bernal’s politics are â€Å"deeply buried in many of his works† (31). His politics involve not only his aforementioned views on Philippine religion but also his involvement in communism. This notion is perceivable in the three films being analyzed by this paper. In Manila by Night, Bernal took jibes on Martial Law more than anything. In Hinugot sa Langit, he â€Å"showed the desperate situation of the poor in a script that scrupulously avoided overt political commentary† (31). In Himala he managed to speculate a Marxist view of religion as an opiate when Elsa’s death became a dismaying reversion to mass hysteria and fanaticism (31). Bernal’s Films then and now These three films were produced during the second golden age of the Philippine cinema, during the years that mark off the end of the Marcos Martial Law regime. Bernal’s films were acclaimed during those times because both the films and timing were apt to belong to the cinema that recognizes the struggle as the most gigantic cultural, scientific, and artistic manifestation our time, the third cinema (Solanas and Gettino 47). This is what makes Bernal’s films timeless. The impact these films made during those times were huge. Bernal revealed how the Marcos regime exploited the Filipinos. This is overtly seen in Manila by Night, where his depiction of the supposed city to signify the â€Å"New Society† is the exact opposite of it. The term â€Å"New Society† claimed that the dictatorship had eradicated corruption and transformed Philippine society (Lumbera 359). This same â€Å"New Society† was also exploited, although for good reasons, by Bernal in his film Himala. According to Lumbera, Himala criticized the manipulative religiosity of this society which â€Å"drew the people’s attention away from the realities of poverty, violence, and moral decay† (359). This, however, is still manifested in the present time. There is this one scene in Himala that is applicable to both the past and present times. When people started coming to Cupang for Elsa and Elsa’s â€Å"apostles† used the water Elsa blessed for profit, it was a hypocritical move on the side of Elsa and her followers to lure people into giving them money when all they were meant to do in the first place was to offer treatment for everyone who asked for it. The past screams about the pretentious â€Å"New Society† and the present stages the scene in real life whenever such religious items or services that are supposed to help them are still sold for amounts to the people. (e. . : a priest’s service fees, blessed rosaries, mass guides) Another thing that might have helped in the success of Himala is the fact that superstar Nora Aunor played the lead role. In the Noranian Imaginary, it is said that Himala is as much about the popular hysteria mediated by the idol Nora Aunor as it is about the mass hysteria endemic to Catholicism as held by many (Tadiar). People saw Elsa in Nora and Nora in Elsaâ⠂¬â€the same poor, unfortunate protagonist who strive against all odds to defend herself and achieve goals. In these times, Nora may not be that same girl many Filipinos used to idolized, but the imprint she left on Elsa’s character is so known to almost every Filipino as â€Å"that† girl who everyone admired. Elsa’s death at the end of the film may be read as liberation from such faith, since she made confessions about the inexistence of miracles prior to his death. But the people’s continuous idolatry in her after she passed away seems to be a symbol of the people of today—those who still continue hang on to false hope and devotion even after such devotion proves to be wrong. As Patrick Flores puts it in Himala: Fall of Grace, â€Å"Himala is against the miracle and it is against the cinema. † Hinugot sa Langit, lastly, also speaks of a timeless issue in Catholicism: abortion. The values the film imbibes a great impact on the beliefs of the majority of the Filipino citizen. The question of whether abortion is or is not an act of murder is still being debated upon until today. Bernal’s films speak of ageless and timely issues concerning the Filipino people and that’s what makes his films succeed not only in the era during which it was manufactured, but also in the present time.

My Body Essay

When I face in front of the mirror, I can see a woman with short hair, round eyes, pale lips, and with an average height, â€Å"that† is my body. When I do things like brushing my teeth, eating dinner, walking, writing homework, sitting, and etc, â€Å"which† is what I am, I am a human because of what my body can do. But who or what am I? As simply as it sounds, it’ll take time to internalize and answer this question. People would start to think from the simplest to complex things and varying answers would come and go. Without looking in front of the mirror, without thinking the things that I can do, without thinking of what others might answer, but with my perception, experiences, and surroundings to answer the question – Who or what am I? Well, I have answers. With my body as a basis, I know that I am Marjerie Valencia Hamili, 19 years of age, residing at Sta. Maria, Zamboanga City since 1995, the seventh child, fourth daughter of my mother and father, studying at Western Mindanao State University, taking up Bachelor of Science in Biology. With my answer above, it seems like there is something lacking like a missing puzzle piece. With my intimate relation of myself to my body, I have also a spirit, which gives me the ability to control and claim my body in which Gabriel Marcel stated in his Second Reflection. With this body, I am able to interact with other people like having new friends and sharing experiences together. I am also able to participate in the events that have been happening like family gatherings, celebrating holidays, and even supporting organizations. I am also able to see and appreciate God’s creation with my own two naked eyes. With this body, I am able to express myself to the other people. I can say what I feel inside of me. I may also show it along with my gestures. With all the experiences of my body and my soul, it formed me to become the ‘me’ of today.

Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy

In nearly all reality shows there is one constant theme that is prevalent, that theme is conflict. All the shows thrive upon it; it is what keeps the viewers coming back, and fuels plots. The majority of reality shows are cast with conflict in mind, they like to get people together that will have conflicting personalities. An example of this is the first season of the Apprentice (a show about making it in the business world) a character named Amerosa was cast that the producers knew would conflict with other cast members. Since conflict is so prevalent in the story line of reality TV it is only natural to look at if from a theoretical point of view. The best sociological theory to analyze this conflict is the social conflict theory. Social conflict theory’s basic idea is that conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction. Reality TV just simply puts people in situations where there is a higher chance for conflict therefore providing more entertainment to the viewer. In order for a society or a group to function under the social conflict frame of reference their needs to be conflict management. In reality TV the shows just try to lower that level of management. Take Survivor for instance, the whole premise of the show is to put the contestants in an environment that will test their survival skills, thus lowering the availability of useful conflict management. Just like real life whoever has better conflict management will usually win the game. A major point of social conflict theory states that the key to conflict is not how to avoid it but how to manage or resolve it. A show that demonstrates this at a micro level is The Amazing Race (a show is about couples’s racing around the globe to complete various tasks assigned to them). The reason this show demonstrates conflict theory at the micro level is because the winner of the game is normally the team that learns how to deal with and resolve the confli... Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy In nearly all reality shows there is one constant theme that is prevalent, that theme is conflict. All the shows thrive upon it; it is what keeps the viewers coming back, and fuels plots. The majority of reality shows are cast with conflict in mind, they like to get people together that will have conflicting personalities. An example of this is the first season of the Apprentice (a show about making it in the business world) a character named Amerosa was cast that the producers knew would conflict with other cast members. Since conflict is so prevalent in the story line of reality TV it is only natural to look at if from a theoretical point of view. The best sociological theory to analyze this conflict is the social conflict theory. Social conflict theory’s basic idea is that conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction. Reality TV just simply puts people in situations where there is a higher chance for conflict therefore providing more entertainment to the viewer. In order for a society or a group to function under the social conflict frame of reference their needs to be conflict management. In reality TV the shows just try to lower that level of management. Take Survivor for instance, the whole premise of the show is to put the contestants in an environment that will test their survival skills, thus lowering the availability of useful conflict management. Just like real life whoever has better conflict management will usually win the game. A major point of social conflict theory states that the key to conflict is not how to avoid it but how to manage or resolve it. A show that demonstrates this at a micro level is The Amazing Race (a show is about couples’s racing around the globe to complete various tasks assigned to them). The reason this show demonstrates conflict theory at the micro level is because the winner of the game is normally the team that learns how to deal with and resolve the confli...

Socratic Dialogue Definition and Examples

Socratic Dialogue Definition and Examples In rhetoric, Socratic dialogue is an argument (or series of arguments) using the question-and-answer method employed by Socrates in Platos Dialogues. Also known as  Platonic dialogue. Susan Koba and Anne Tweed describe Socratic dialogue as the conversation that results from the Socratic method, a discussion process during which a facilitator promotes independent, reflective, and critical thinking (Hard-to-Teach Biology Concepts, 2009). Examples and Observations The Socratic dialogue or the Platonic dialogue usually begins with Socrates professing ignorance of the subject matter. He asks questions of the other characters, the result being a fuller understanding of the subject. The dialogues are usually named after the key person interrogated by Socrates, as in Protagoras where this famous Sophist is questioned about his views on rhetoric. The dialogue has obvious relations to both dramatic form and argumentation. In the dialogues, the characters speak in ways appropriate not only to their own views, but to their speaking styles as well. Lane Cooper points out four elements of the dialogues: The plot or movement of the conversation, the agents in their moral aspect (ethos), the reasoning of the agents (dianoia), and their style or diction (lexis).The dialogues are also a form of dialectical reasoning, a branch of logic focusing on reasoning in philosophical matters where absolute certainty may be unattainable but where truth is pursued to a h igh degree of probability. (James J. Murphy and Richard A. Katula, A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003) The Socratic Method in Business[S]he could see that he was trying to teach the other men, to coax and persuade them to look at the factorys operations in a new way. He would have been surprised to be told it, but he used the Socratic method: he prompted the other directors and the middle managers and even the foremen to identify the problems themselves and to reach by their own reasoning the solutions he had himself already determined upon. It was so deftly done that she had sometimes to temper her admiration by reminding herself that it was all directed by the profit motive ... (David Lodge, Nice Work. Viking, 1988) The Socratic Method, According to H.F. Ellis What is the argument of the Idealist School of Philosophy against the absolute existence, or externality, of the objects of experience? A question of this kind is best answered by the Socratic Method, an admirable arrangement whereby you call yourself Philosopher and your opponent, who has no will of his own, Man in the Street or Thrasymachus. The argument then proceeds thus. Philosopher: You will, I suppose, agree that the Understanding, through the same operations whereby in conceptions, by means of analytical unity, it produced the logical form of a judgement, introduces, by means of the synthetical unity of the manifold in intuition, a transcendental content into its representations, on which account they are called pure conceptions of the understanding? Thrasymachus: Yes, I agree. Philosopher: And further, is it not true that the mind fails in some cases to distinguish between actual and merely potential existence? Thrasymachus: It is true. Philosopher: Then S is P must be true of all predicative judgements? Thrasymachus: Certainly. Philosopher: And A is not -A? Thrasymachus: It is not. Philosopher: So that every judgment may be taken either intensively or extensively Thrasymachus: Indubitably. Philosopher: And this is through the activity of the apperceptive unity of self-consciousness, sometimes called cognition? Thrasymachus: Indisputably. Philosopher: Which arranges the phenomena of the sense-manifold in accordance with the principles of a primitive synthesis? Thrasymachus: Incontrovertibly. Philosopher: And these principles are the Categories? Thrasymachus: Yeah! Philosopher: Thus the universal is real and self-existent, and the particular only a quality of the understanding. So, in the end, your opinion is found to coincide with mine, and we agree that there is no a priori necessity for the continued existence of unperceived phenomena? Thrasymachus: No. My opinion is that you are talking a lot of balderdash and ought to be locked up. Am I not right? Philosopher: I suppose you are. It will be observed that the Socratic Method is not infallible, especially when dealing with Thrasymachus.(Humphry Francis Ellis, So This Is Science! Methuen, 1932) Example of a Socratic Dialogue: Excerpt From Gorgias Socrates: I see, from the few words which Polus has uttered, that he has attended more to the art which is called rhetoric than to dialectic. Polus: What makes you say so, Socrates? Socrates: Because, Polus, when Chaerephon asked you what was the art which Gorgias knows, you praised it as if you were answering someone who found fault with it, but you never said what the art was. Polus: Why, did I not say that it was the noblest of arts? Socrates: Yes, indeed, but that was no answer to the question: nobody asked what was the quality, but what was the nature, of the art, and by what name we were to describe Gorgias. And I would still beg you briefly and clearly, as you answered Chaerephon when he asked you at first, to say what this art is, and what we ought to call Gorgias: Or rather, Gorgias, let me turn to you, and ask the same question, what are we to call you, and what is the art which you profess? Gorgias: Rhetoric, Socrates, is my art. Socrates: Then I am to call you a rhetorician? Gorgias: Yes, Socrates, and a good one too, if you would call me that which, in Homeric language, I boast myself to be. Socrates: I should wish to do so. Gorgias: Then pray do. Socrates: And are we to say that you are able to make other men rhetoricians? Gorgias: Yes, that is exactly what I profess to make them, not only at Athens, but in all places. Socrates: And will you continue to ask and answer questions, Gorgias, as we are at present doing and reserve for another occasion the longer mode of speech which Polus was attempting? Will you keep your promise, and answer shortly the questions which are asked of you? Gorgias: Some answers, Socrates, are of necessity longer; but I will do my best to make them as short as possible; for a part of my profession is that I can be as short as any one. Socrates: That is what is wanted, Gorgias; exhibit the shorter method now, and the longer one at some other time. Gorgias: Well, I will; and you will certainly say, that you never heard a man use fewer words. Socrates: Very good then; as you profess to be a rhetorician, and a maker of rhetoricians, let me ask you, with what is rhetoric concerned: I might ask with what is weaving concerned, and you would reply (would you not?), with the making of garments? Gorgias: Yes. Socrates: And music is concerned with the composition of melodies? Gorgias: It is. Socrates: By Here, Gorgias, I admire the surpassing brevity of your answers. Gorgias: Yes, Socrates, I do think myself good at that. Socrates: I am glad to hear it; answer me in like manner about rhetoric: with what is rhetoric concerned? Gorgias: With discourse. Socrates: What sort of discourse, Gorgiassuch discourse as would teach the sick under what treatment they might get well? Gorgias: No. Socrates: Then rhetoric does not treat of all kinds of discourse? Gorgias: Certainly not. Socrates: And yet rhetoric makes men able to speak? Gorgias: Yes. Socrates: And to understand that about which they speak? Gorgias: Of course... Socrates: Come, then, and let us see what we really mean about rhetoric; for I do not know what my own meaning is as yet. When the assembly meets to elect a physician or a shipwright or any other craftsman, will the rhetorician be taken into counsel? Surely not. For at every election he ought to be chosen who is most skilled; and, again, when walls have to be built or harbours or docks to be constructed, not the rhetorician but the master workman will advise; or when generals have to be chosen and an order of battle arranged, or a proposition taken, then the military will advise and not the rhetoricians: what do you say, Gorgias? Since you profess to be a rhetorician and a maker of rhetoricians, I cannot do better than learn the nature of your art from you. And here let me assure you that I have your interest in view as well as my own. For likely enough some one or other of the young men present might desire to become your pupil, and in fact I see some, and a good many too, who have this wish, but they would be too modest to question you. And therefore when you are interrogated by me, I would have you imagine that you are interrogated by them. What is the use of coming to you, Gorgias? they will say. About what will you teach us to advise the state?about the just and unjust only, or about those other things also which Socrates has just mentioned? How will you answer them? Gorgias: I like your way of leading us on, Socrates, and I will endeavour to reveal to you the whole nature of rhetoric.(from Part One of Gorgias by Plato, c. 380 BC. Translated by Benjamin Jowett) Gorgias shows us that pure Socratic dialogue is, indeed, not possible anywhere or at any time by showing us the structural, material, and existential realities of power that disable the mutually beneficial search for truth. (Christopher Rocco, Tragedy and Enlightenment: Athenian Political Thought, and the Dilemmas of Modernity. University of California Press, 1997) The Lighter Side of Socratic Dialogues: Socrates and His Publicist, Jackie At lunch, Socrates voiced his misgivings.Should I be doing all of this? he asked. I mean, is the unexamined life even worthAre you being serious? interrupted Jackie. Do you want to be a star philosopher or do you want to go back to waiting tables?Jackie was one of the few people who really knew how to handle Socrates, usually by cutting him off and answering his questions with a question of her own. And, as always, she managed to convince Socrates that she was right and avoid being fired. Socrates listened to her, then paid for both of their lunches and went right back to work.It was shortly after that fateful lunch that the backlash began. Socratess constant questions had become intolerable to many of the Greek elite. Still, as his Publicist had promised, he had become a brand. Imitators all over Athens were now practicing the new Socratic Method. More and more young people were asking each other questions and doing it with Socratess patented smart-assy tone.A few days later, Socrat es was brought to trial and charged with corrupting the youth.(Demetri Marti, Socratess Publicist. This Is a Book. Grand Central, 2011)

Language as a Political Instrument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language as a Political Instrument - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that while the use of language has been in existence since time immemorial, people normally convey various messages using selective language, with some qualifying for political language. Certainly, language can play a pivotal role in relaying political messages especially in situations and environments where the impending messages may spark strong reactions. More often than not, euphemism has been at the center stage of driving political messages whereby one uses a language that appears to be more controversial or less serious to disguise the reality of the situation. In this regard, it is important to note that language the manner in which people use language determines the positivity or negativity of the language especially when it comes to political statements. Similarly, in James Baldwin’s essay, â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?† Baldwin claims that Black English result from political alienation. He frequently compares and contrasts Black English from the ‘right’ English. While some political acts appear so gruesome to be put in plain language, most people who make political statements tend to employ euphemism in their speeches in order to negate the veracity or intensity of the situation they are trying to explain. In this regard, James Baldwin claims that Black English result from political alienation essay in the essay If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?... Owing to the fact that in most cases, the language a person uses defines who they are, people have the tendency of evolving the language they use in order to evade being submerged in situations that they are not in a position to articulate (Baldwin 653). This is especially so because different people speaking the same language can have different connotations for the same language based on their background and geographical location. Although everyone uses language in order to control and articulate various realities in life, it is worthy to note that language can sometimes transform into a political tool owing to its ability to bring out the identities of various persons and communities. This is especially true when it comes to the French and Britons who have heavy accents and various political undertones attached to their language and therefore identifying a foreigner in such countries is quite an easy task (Baldwin 654). According to Orwell, most people who use political speech do s o in defense of various ugly scenarios, although this often backfires in the end (5). In order for a political language to be effective in its context, euphemism and vagueness need to be injected through various language articulations. A classic example of cases where political languages have used euphemism are the ‘continuance of British rule in India’ and the ‘the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan’. These statements appear less critical in their current context though the situation on the ground at the time of the two major events was quite astonishing, at least according to history books. In essence, the language used by the political class in describing past or present events normally portray a major understatement for example a country

America, the cold war, Reagan and the state of the country Essay

America, the cold war, Reagan and the state of the country - Essay Example It has a number of financial issues, several wars, and a climate of partisan hostility in Washington, D.C. But for all its faults, it has many things going for it. It is still the world's number one military superpower, in large part due to the work done by Reagan to build up these forces. Militarily, America is second to none. There is no credible enemy that America could not beat. Sadly, several of the problems faced by America today—in particular financial ones—are the products of leaders who have not listened to Reagan's vision of economics. The current president has not done enough to tackle public sector unions, as President Reagan triumphantly did in the 1980s. These unions are bankrupting America. This is a serious problem that Reagan was able to solve twenty years ago, but which has come back for a new generation to solve. Ronald Reagan was one of the greatest presidents America has ever had. He did not solve every problem, but he put America back on its path t o glory, after Jimmy Carter nearly derailed the whole process. Reagan was a modest and intelligent man who knew what was best for the United States.

The emergency management plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The emergency management plan - Case Study Example In addition, it should contact health care systems in other areas to inform them of possible relocation to their site. The GIS should be able to help identify the locations that are both near and safe for relocation (US Fire Administration, 2011). During a widespread disaster, deployment of multiple ICPs allows the situation to be handled by knowledgeable and adept respondents. For example, criminal situations are handled by the police, injuries are attended to by medical personnel, and fire or threat to property are responded by the fire department (Leander ISD, 2011). Each facility should have their own emergency management plan acting as an independent ICP. The EOC, in turn, should have a detailed description of each facility uploaded to its GIS (US Fire Administration, 2011). This facilitates the EOC decide on which particular facilities need quick assistance based on what the facility possesses and what the emergency calls for. For example, after receiving information from the D irector’s office, the hospital must implement developed plans to ready the facility once storm comes. Through its commander, the hospital director, a certain group of personnel is to stay indoors unless otherwise directed. This facility has determined to be self-sustainment for a minimum of 96-hours without community assistance. While the hospital staff and other affected facility stay indoors, the EOC should get a list of supplies available to the possibly relocated individuals from the Nuitrition and Food Service of the staff that can be deployed before disaster strikes. Beforehand, this should be stored close to an area usually hit by disasters, as determined through GIS, for easy access and transfer (US Fire Administration, 2011). If an evacuation order is received from the Director’s office, the EOC will initiate relocation of patients and personnel. ICPs, in turn, should provide daily situation reports during and after disaster. Once the disaster is over, the EOC , through the ICPs, should initiate recovery by returning to functional facilities and building new infrastructures. For example, the police is in charge of maintaining community safety and protection of limited supplies. Aside from radio communications, the EOC will also establish an ICP to maintain a website for staff, patients, and family members to receive information before, during, and after the storm through the Internet. The use of the Internet has been a common alternative form of communication during disaster (University of Texas, 2012). However, since telephone, radio and Internet may be out of service during such situations efficient transfer of information through verbal communication and wtitten memo is necessary (GOI-UNDP, 2011). Training for the efficient means to communicate through these means is needed. Bomb Threat Plan Preparation from such threat shall also include training of personnel to record exact wording of a threat, a caller’s indecisive or contrad ictory answers to questions asked, and the caller’s voice description, which will aid the Director in

Effects of Parental Divorce on Childrens Growth

Effects  of  Parental  Divorce  on  Childrens  Growth Divorce has become an important social issue which can not be ignored and avoided. In mid-19th century, only 5% of the marriages were broken in the United States, and now almost 50% of first marriages were ended in divorce, there were 100 million children who experienced parental divorce in the United States, in England and Wales, more than 140,007 children were facing parental separation every year. The children of this kind have become an important part of the vulnerable group in modern society, which also attracts the attention of many scholars. A large number of social evidence shows that the psychological trauma which the breakdown of a family brings children is obvious and will exist for a long term. Relevant scholars sociological research also showed that divorce had a negative impact on the cognitive development, personality development, mental health, relationships, social behavior development and other aspects of Childrens. To explore the influence of parental divorce on ch ildrens growth trajectory, this essay reviewed relevant literatures and conducted a critical analysis towards the literatures. Chapter II Discussion Through reviewing relevant academic literatures on divorce, research on the influence of divorce on childrens development included the following contents. 2.1 Cognitive levels and academic performance Research (Amans et al, 2001) showed that there was a very significant difference in areas of cognition, reasoning and academic achievement between children in divorced families and complete families, the impact of divorce on childrens learning performance was the most, the impact on cognition was less than the impact on academic achievement, the impact on the non-text logical reasoning was minimal. There was no significant difference in the cognitive aspects between the children of different genders in divorced families, and the girls academic performance was significantly better than the boys. Levels of cognitive development and academic performance of seven, eight or nine year old childrens from divorced families were significantly lower than the childrens from complete families. Amato (2001) made use of Meta analysis in his study. Meta analysis refers to using a number of statistical methods to analyze the collected research data. Its advantage is to increase the reliability of co nclusions through increasing sample sizes, so as to address the inconsistency of findings. The conclusion of Amans research (Amans et al, 2001) was also based on Meta analysis, he used appropriate statistical to conduct systematic, objective and comprehensive quantitative analysis towards lots of relevant research results in 1990s and found that the scores of learning of childrens in divorced families were significantly lower than the childrens from complete families, he pointed out that this gap was increased slightly when compared with the situation in 1980. 2.2 Emotional development and personality development Amatos (2001) study showed that children from single parent families were less able to control themselves and their assessment for themselves was too high. There were a higher proportion of children who were abnormal in their mood, emotion and personality, their specific performance included preferring crying, depression, irritability, anger, fear, etc., their bad character included low self-esteem, unsociability, poor self-control ability, frailty, lying, cheating, apathy, anxiety, etc., but majority of them had a strong independence. Children whose parents were separated had significantly polarized introversive or exoscopic characters, and most of them had singly introversive or exoscopic personalities, and majority children who were from complete families had the intermediate personalities. The research method which Amato (2001) adopted was Meta analysis, by comparing conclusions of a large number of research he found that, in fact, there was difference between children who grew u p in complete families and children who grew up in single parent families, but the difference was not as big as what usually imagined. His (Amato, 2001)research showed that parental divorce was only one factor in the process of a childs growth, there were other factors that could influence a childs growth, but his research did not specify what these other factors were. 2.3 Mental health Relevant research (Aaron et al, 1999) has indicated that there was significant difference in the general levels of mental health between children from divorced families and children from complete families, children with single parent had more psychological problems, including tendency of a serious loneliness, unwilling contacting with people, tendency of self-accusation and giving low evaluations for individual abilities and qualities, strong feelings of inferiority, obvious anxiety, lacks of confidence in interpersonal relationships, lacks of security, tendency of serious impulsions, etc., many children often felt depressed, irritable and had extreme behavior, their physical symptoms which caused by psychological problems were more obvious. Relevant research (Aaron et al, 1999) also explained this phenomenon, because the childrens parents divorced, they lacked parental encouragement, in the face of setbacks, they couldnt get strong incentives, resulting in a lack of confidence. And because of parental divorce, it caused the reduction of parents concerning about the children, lack of communication with their children and failing to detect changes in the children life and thought would lead to the childrens failing to deal with the problems in a timely manner, thereby resulting in depression, irritability and other emotions. 2.4 Interpersonal relationship The research on the interpersonal relationship of childrens from divorced families was mainly carried out in the areas of peer relationship, parent-child relationship and control ability. Study has shown that judging from the perspectives of peer relationship, subjective and objective control abilities, children with single parent was not as good as the childrens from complete families. In terms of parent-child relationship, children with single parent were not satisfied with their parents and families, their relationship with their parents wasnt as good as the childrens from complete families. Even when they grew up, they still showed their distrust towards their parents, as Jacquet and Surra (2001) found in their study that even taking full consideration of the quality of parent-child relationship, the adult children still had a strong sense of distrust. Moreover, parents divorce also had a profound effect on the childrens establishing a close relationship with their lovers when th ey grew up. Jacquet and Surra (2001) took young couples of 19- 35 years old as research objects and investigated the determinacy of the relationship between them and their cognition and understanding towards the problems between them, they found that women from divorced families had a sense of lack of trust and satisfaction, showing ambivalent feelings and conflicts. Although there was no difference between the men from divorced families and the men from complete families (Emery, 1999), but because of the marital status of their own parents, the former thought that the relationship between couples was temporary. Thus, parental separation not only affects childrens close relationship with their parents, but also has a negative impact on the childrens creating their own intimate relationships when they grow up, the impact of parental separation on childrens understanding of interpersonal relationship is negative and permanent, making the children show great adaptability in dealing wit h interpersonal relationship. 2.5 Behavior problems Study (Jeynes, 2001) showed that the problem behavior of childrens from divorced families was more than childrens from complete families, the behavior included lying, cheating, bragging and boast, poor school performance and fearing of school, etc. There was a very close relationship between childrens Internet addiction and their divorced families. Jeynes (2001) investigated the childrens alcohol problems after their parents divorced and found that compared with the children whose parents have divorced for more than 4 years, the children whose parents divorced newly had the same frequency of drinking, the number of the children who indulged in drinking was increased, and they were more likely to be affected by alcohol, the frequency and quantity of the two groups of the children who addicted drinking were more than the children from complete families (Jeynes, 2001), the children who didnt have complete families were more likely to drink and affected by alcohol. The greatest significa nce of Jeynes research (2001) did not lie in confirming that children of divorced families were more likely to drink than children of complete families, but proving that both children whose parents divorced four years ago and the children whose parents divorced newly had the same frequency of drinking, thereby refuting some people opinion of thinking that divorce only had an impact on children at the time when their parents divorced, it further confirmed that the influence of parental divorce on children would be lasted for a long time. Chapter III Conclusion Through literature review, this essay summarized the impact of divorce on childrens development and tried to find out the problems existing in relevant study and explore the directions of future research.  ·The above-mentioned research on children of single parent families particularly concerned about adolescents, especially callan, there was less study on young children. Therefore, it should seek for evaluation means which is suitable for the characteristics of infants and preschool children, paying more attention to their psychological development and adaptation.  ·The previous research on children who were from divorced families generally compared the behavior problems between children from divorced families and complete families, or by statistical methods to control other household variables to examine the direct impact of parental separation on childrens behavior problems. The study has provided a wealth of useful information, but often overlooked the impact of other family variables in the divorce process on children. Thus future research should not only concern about the impact of divorce itself on children, but also pay attention to the role of other variables relate to divorce, such as the quality of parent-child relationship, the marriage conflicts before divorce and during parental separation, the living conditions of children after their parents divorce, etc. It should pay a special attention to the changes of the internal mechanism which affects the childrens adaptability.  ·Research on Children from divorced families was mostly transverse study, few was longitudinal study. Childrens development is a process, only depending on the existing transverse study is difficult to explore the impact of parents separation on childrens development of different stages and its change process. Therefore, the relationship between parents divorce and childrens development needs to be analyzed with a clear and tracked investigation which is the problem needs to be resolved in future study.

The Russian Tsars Control of the Kazakh Steppe Essay -- Russian Empir

To what extent and in what ways did Russian Tsars control the Kazakh steppe between 1820 and 1890? During political Kazakh khans of three Hordes gave oaths and signed papers of their inclusion to Russian Empire. Although the documents were signed, both sides did not obey them . Empire had not got any actual political power in the beginning of 19th century in Kazakh steppe, and numerous anti-Russian rebellions support this claim. The document of â€Å"Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822† made it possible to gain control of the steppe by creating a system with new approach of ‘divide and rule’. New policy included creating ‘elite’ with developed morals and literacy relying on the nobel families, so called Chinggisids, and land new administration policy. Rebellions, presence of national identity, resistance to settlement of nomads caused difficulties in establishing control in the steppe. However, even though there was some kind of oppositon from nomads, the policy was very successful. Russian empire was in control of the Kazakh steppe after mid-ninetee nth century when steppe officially was divided into separate entities. The Plan of Reorganization (1809) of Tsarist Russia did not take into account differences of central and peripheral parts. Imperial legislative law applied with restrictions and exceptions depending on regions, but general principle was decentralization of the Tsarist Russia by dividing it into several parts and concentration of the administrative units by integrating central and regional agencies. Speranskii’s â€Å"Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822† reform assigned administrative units and positions to create a new bureaucracy . When the position of khan was removed the unity of the nomadic tribes was destabilized. Thus... .... 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2003), pp. 5-33 Levi, S. (1999). India, Russia and the Eighteenth-Century Transformation of the Central Asian Caravan Trade. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 42, No. 4 (1999), pp. 519-548 Malikov, Y. (2005). The Kenesary Kasymov Rebellion (1837–1847): A National-Liberation Movement or â€Å"a Protest of Restoration†? Nationalities Papers, Vol. 33, No. 4 Manz, B. F. (1987). Central Asian Uprisings in the Nineteenth Century: Ferghana under the Russians. The Russian Review, vol. 46, 1987, pp. 267-281 Martin, V. (2010). Kazakh Chinggisids, land and political power in the nineteenth century: a case study of Syrymbet. Central Asian Survey, 29:1, 79-102 Sbornik dokumentov. (1996). Natsional’no-osvoboditel’naia bor’ba Kazakhskogo naroda pod predvoditel’stvom Kenesary Kasymova (Sbornk dokumentov). Almaty, 1996, p. 39, 121-122